According to @1HowardWu, no transparent chain can deliver real privacy, so a purpose-built end-to-end zero-knowledge stack is required rather than forking Ethereum’s EVM architecture designed for public execution. Source: @1HowardWu on X, Nov 13, 2025. According to @1HowardWu, snarkVM compiles programs into zkSNARK circuits that execute off-chain with proofs verified on-chain, while the EVM executes publicly on-chain, making the computational models fundamentally different for privacy-preserving smart contracts. Source: @1HowardWu on X, Nov 13, 2025. According to @1HowardWu, the Leo language enforces privacy at the type-system level and guarantees declared private data remains private throughout execution, which Solidity and Rust do not natively support. Source: @1HowardWu on X, Nov 13, 2025. For traders, the source indicates that ZK-native stacks like Aleo may address privacy guarantees that EVM-based retrofits cannot, so differentiate valuation and risk between EVM-compatible privacy add-ons and chains built on ZK-first VMs when assessing the zero-knowledge privacy narrative. Source: @1HowardWu on X, Nov 13, 2025.

According to @1HowardWu, Aleo is both decentralized and private, with leoBFT enabling an open validator network to verify zero-knowledge proofs without accessing the underlying private transaction data. According to @1HowardWu, this design delivers true decentralization with mathematical privacy, a stated feature traders tracking privacy-layer networks can reference when assessing protocol architecture.

According to @1HowardWu, Aleo has prioritized privacy from the outset by building its blockchain infrastructure, including Leo and snarkOS, from scratch. This commitment ensures privacy is deeply integrated, which is critical for traders seeking secure, confidential transactions in the crypto market. Enhanced privacy protocols can impact trading strategies and attract institutional and privacy-focused investors, supporting increased demand and liquidity for privacy-centric cryptocurrencies. Source: @1HowardWu.